The songs of the famous British rock bands "The Beatles" and "Queen" are still played in various places. At restaurants, TV commercials, sports festivals, and every time I hear it, many people hum and sing.
Although their songs have simple lyrics, they may represent the emotions they generate in their lives. I can never say "I can't buy love!" Or "We are champions!" In everyday conversation, but if it's the lyrics of a song, I can quote it.
In this blog series (3 times in total), we will analyze the emotions contained in the lyrics of "The Beatles" and "Queen" and the differences in the words used in each band.
In this Part 1, we will analyze the emotions of the lyrics of "The Beatles".
In the latest version of "JMP Pro 16" at the moment, as an option of the platform for text analysis (Text Explorer), Sentiment Analysis * So let's analyze using this.
The lyrics of 171 songs of "The Beatles", excluding cover songs, non-English songs, and songs after dissolution, will be analyzed.
* Sentiment analysis is a feature of JMP Pro only. It cannot be executed with JMP. Furthermore, English is the only language that can be used for emotion analysis. It is not possible to analyze Japanese.
Sentiment Summary
Sentiment analysis allows you to look for positive and negative words in a document and score how emotional the sentence is. For example, in a questionnaire, when a customer comments an impression of a certain product as a free answer, it is used as a method to analyze whether those comments are positive or negative, and it is also called positive negative analysis.
The figure below is a summary of the results of sentiment analysis of the target lyrics.
First, be aware of the colors in the report. Those painted in orange-ish color mean positive, and those painted in blue-ish color mean negative.
In the report on the upper left, the emotional score is calculated for each song. Document = 56 is selected here, but let's take a look at the lyrics of "Hey, Jude" on line 56 in my data table.
In the lower left, the lyrics of "Hey, Jude" are shown, but the positive and negative words are colored. In addition, those words are scored word by word *. The score table is shown in the upper right.
This will give you 38 points in the Overall Score column when you calculate the emotional score for "Hey, Jude". This is calculated from the following formula.
Overall Score = (Positive Sum + Negative Sum)) ÷ Number of words recognized as emotional words
In "Hey, Jude", the total positive word score is 520, the total negative word score is -100, and the number of recognized (colored) words as emotional words is 11, so the emotional score is , (520 --100) / 11 = 38 points are calculated.
Similarly, emotion scores are calculated for other songs, and the distribution of emotion scores is shown in a histogram in the upper right.
* What words are considered positive / negative, or their scores are those that are set by default in JMP Pro. Analysts can also add words and change the score.
Are the lyrics positive? Negative?
However, regarding the analysis of the lyrics this time, since the lyrics range from short (minimum number of words = 17) to long (maximum number of words = 293), the emotion score is divided by the number of words in the lyrics. Use the following Overall Score by Word Count.
Overall Score by Word Count = (Positive Sum (total positive word score) + Negative Sum (total negative word score)) ÷ number of words
The histogram and summary statistic of Overall Score by Word Count calculated in this way are shown below. Here, the N number is 123 because we are only targeting songs that have some positive or negative emotions.
Looking at the histogram, there are more positive songs than negative songs, and the average score is 1.67. As a whole, you can see that positive words are used rather than negative words.
What are the feelings in Lennon's and McCartney's poems?
Many of the songs in "The Beatles" are said to have been written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon. Therefore, let's compare the emotional score "Overall Score by Word Count" calculated in the previous section for each song written by the two of them.
(Some of the songs are jointly named Lennon and McCartney, but there are some songs that you can tell which one wrote the lyrics from information such as the Internet, in which case you should include it in either the Lennon or McCartney category. It is.)
The figure below shows the distribution of scores when the lyricist divides by Lennon and McCartney with a violin plot.
From the figure, we can see that McCartney has few negative songs and some positive songs compared to Lennon. On the other hand, Lennon has only one very negative song.
Let's examine the emotions of the songs with high McCartney scores indicated by the labels in the above figure. You have contributed greatly to the words better and love.
On the other hand, let's examine the emotions of the song with the lowest Lennon score. There was such a negative song.
How is it? As you know, lyrics generally express emotions by using the same words over and over and refraining them. Therefore, songs that use emotional expressions with high scores over and over again may have high or low scores.
However, I think that using it many times is also a sign that I want to express my emotions strongly.
Like a famous Japanese song, "Refrain is screaming".
In my next blog, I'll compare the emotional analysis of "Queen" with the emotional expressions of the two bands.
by Naohiro Masukawa, JMP Japan
